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Czwartek, 31 Stycznia;, 2008, 08:28

Lekcja ósma: staro¿ytne runy

S³owo RUN oznacza w jêzyku staroskandynawskim tajemnicê. Znaki runnicze s± najstarszym typem pisma ludów pó³nocy Europy. Najstarsze napisy pochodz± z III i IV w.n.e. S± one powi±zane z mitologi± Skandynawów i Germanów. Znanych jest kilka systemów pisma runiczego. A oto 24 najbardziej znane runy:

T³umaczenie:
Fehu- powodzenie,w³adza,porz±dek
Uruz- zdrowie,si³a przetrwania
Thurisaz- wialno¶æ,niez³omno¶æ
Ansuz- natchnienie,m±dro¶æ,wiedza
Raido- ruch,aktywno¶æ,podró¿
Kenaz- entuzjazm,namiêtno¶æ
Hagalaz- zmiana na lepsze
Nauthiz- ¶lepy los
Eisaz- koncentracja,wyciszenie
Jera- sprawiedliwo¶æ
Sowulo- nadzieja
Teiwaz- uczciwo¶æ
Berkana- kobieco¶æ,p³odno¶æ
Laguz- intuicja
Mannaz- wspó³dzia³anie
Algiz- pomy¶lno¶æ,powodzenie
Ehwaz- ufno¶æ,wierno¶æ
Othila- ojczyzna,rodzina
Gebo- harmonia
Wunjo- realizacja marzeñ
Isa- wytrwa³o¶æ
Perthro- przeznaczenie,wyrok losu
Inguz- regeneracja
Dagaz- o¶wiecenie,¶wit

Runów u¿ywano przede wszystkim w inskrypcjach. Wycinano je lub ryto w kamieniu, metalu czy drewnie, gdy¿ wczesne ludy germañskie roz­winê³y sztukê drzeworytnicz±. Wiele inskrypcji runicznych wykonywali fachowi rzemie¶lnicy. Inskrypcje te mo¿na podzieliæ na wyra¼nie zarysowane typy konwencjo­nalne. Najciekawsze s± inskrypcje s³u¿±ce celom magicznym oraz wezwa­nia do bóstw pogañskich. Runy wystêpuj± g³ównie w inskrypcjach upa­miêtniaj±cych, ale stosowano je równie¿ przy wró¿eniu, pisaniu listów czy ryciu na zbroi i ozdobach imienia artysty lub w³a¶ciciela.

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